Economics & Management Information

Origin and Development of Financial Flexibility: A Systematic Literature Review

Xiujuan Zhang — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

In the past 30 years, especially in the 1990s, financial flexibility has aroused great interest among researchers. Financial flexibility has always been regarded as one of the most important driving forces for capital structure decision-making, and after 20 years of exploration, there has been a significant increase in literature related to financial flexibility. Financial flexibility refers to the extent to which financial resources can support a company’s ability to survive and seize opportunities in the face of environmental changes, as well as the debt capacity reserved by the company for timely acquisition or use of financial resources in the future. Nowadays, financial flexibility has been applied in various business fields, including finance, management, organizational environment, and corporate governance. It has also gained strong application scope in different industry fields, including manufacturing, service, information technology, and banking. At present, research on financial flexibility mainly focuses on two aspects: financial flexibility and investment capability, and financial flexibility and corporate performance. There are still many research gaps that need to be supplemented by researchers.

An Analysis of the Impact of RCEP on China–Vietnam Bilateral Trade

Thanh Tuyen Vu, Junyan Liu — Mon, 28 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0800

China and Vietnam have maintained a long-standing trade partnership, which has grown even closer since the implementation of the RCEP agreement. This paper analyzes the development and structural changes in China–Vietnam bilateral trade from 2019 to 2024. The study draws on authoritative data from sources such as China Customs, UN Comtrade, and Vietnam Customs, and employs the TCD and RCA indices to evaluate the competitiveness and complementarity of the two countries in key commodity sectors. The results indicate that RCEP has had a positive impact on bilateral trade; however, the findings also highlight Vietnam’s delayed structural adjustments and its heavy reliance on China’s supply chain. Finally, the paper proposes recommendations for both governments and enterprises to address issues of competition and trade deficits, promote sustainable bilateral trade development, and fully leverage the advantages offered by RCEP.

Stock Price Prediction Using LSTM with Attention-Based Multimodal Fusion Model

Jian Sun — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Stock price prediction is a highly challenging research area in finance, primarily due to the complexity of market data and the effective integration of multi-source information. This paper proposes a novel deep learning-based framework that employs a multi-level attention mechanism to achieve precise modeling of stock price movements. The framework can automatically identify critical time points, dynamically screen influential features, and integrate multi-modal information including market data, news sentiment, and market sentiment indicators, thereby enhancing prediction accuracy and stability. Experimental results demonstrate that this method delivers superior predictive performance across various market conditions, particularly showing strong adaptability and early warning capabilities during extreme market movements. This research provides reliable technical support for intelligent financial decision-making.

The Effect of Varied Incentive Durations on Business Environment, Leadership Compensation, and Organizational Innovation: A Comprehensive Analysis

Jiang Zhao, Dan Wu — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This analytical review examines the impact of varied incentives on the business environment, leadership compensation, and organizational innovation. This study focuses on the pivotal role of risk-taking in driving innovation and suggests that suitable long-term incentives, such as stock options, can effectively motivate executives to undertake innovative endeavors. The analysis highlights the criticality of adaptable leadership compensation mechanisms that synchronize with strategic objectives and demonstrate responsiveness to evolving market dynamics. Additionally, external factors like industry competitiveness and regulatory environment can influence the effectiveness of incentive contracts in promoting innovation. The findings underscore the need for a holistic approach in designing incentive programs that consider contextual factors and align with long-term organizational goals. By creating a conducive environment for innovation, a business environment can attract and retain top talent, leading to sustainable growth and success.

Decision Tree-Based Credit Card Fraud Detection System: Design and Optimization

Jian Sun — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

With the rapid development of fintech, credit card fraud has become increasingly sophisticated and intelligent, posing significant challenges to banks and consumers. Traditional fraud detection methods exhibit noticeable shortcomings in real-time performance, accuracy, and interpretability. This paper proposes an improved decision tree-based method for credit card fraud detection, enhancing detection performance by integrating dynamic feature engineering and ensemble learning strategies. The study employs a cost-sensitive decision tree algorithm as the base model, addressing class imbalance through sample weight adjustment, and designs a two-stage detection framework combined with random forest for result validation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms traditional approaches in both detection accuracy and false positive rate, particularly excelling in detecting emerging fraud patterns. The study validates the practical value of decision tree models in financial risk control and provides a highly interpretable, low-cost deployment solution for real-time anti-fraud systems.