Downloads

Chen, X., & Zhang, H. . . (2023). Performance Enhancement of AlGaN-based Deep Ultraviolet Light-emitting Diodes with AlxGa1-xN Linear Descending Layers. Innovations in Applied Engineering and Technology, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.62836/iaet.v2i1.201

Performance Enhancement of AlGaN-based Deep Ultraviolet Light-emitting Diodes with AlxGa1-xN Linear Descending Layers

In this work, the optical performance of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV LED) with AlxGa1-xN linear descending layers has been investigated. The calculated results indicate that the novel DUV LED has better internal quantum efficiency and higher light output power compared with conventional DUV LED. These improvements are attributed to the design of AlxGa1-xN linear descending layers, including n-type layer (NTL), linear Al-composition graded (LACG) quantum barriers (QBs) and hole suply layer (HSL),which induces more electrons and holes to flow into the active region, and decreases the electron leakage, thus improving the carrier concentrations in the quantum wells (QWs) and enhancing the radiation recombination rate of LED.

DUV LED; AlxGa1-xN; linear descending layers; internal quantum efficiency

References

  1. Muhammad U, Malik S, Khan MA, Hirayama H. Suppressing the Efficiency Droop in the AlGaN–Based UVB LED. Nanotechnology 2021; 32(21): 215703.
  2. Inagaki H, Saito A, Sugiyama H, Okabayashi T, Fujimoto S. Rapid Inactivation of SARS–CoV–2 with Deep–UV LED Irradiation. Emerging Microbes & Infections 2020; 9(1): 1744–1747.
  3. Ren Z et al. Band Engineering of III–Nitride–Based Deep–Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes: a Review. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2019; 53(7): 073002.
  4. X Deng, L Li, M Enomoto, Y Kawano. Continuously Frequency–Tuneable Plasmonic Structures for Terahertz Bio–Sensing and Spectroscopy. Scientific Reports 2019; 9(1): 498.
  5. M Kneissl, T–Y Seong, J Han, H Amano. The Emergence and Prospects of Deep–Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diode Technologies. Nature Photonics 2019; 13(4): 233–244.
  6. H Yu et al. Advantages of AlGaN–Based Deep–Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes with an Al–Composition Graded Quantum Barrier. Optics Express 2019; 27(20): A1544–A1553.
  7. Liu Z, Yu H, Ren Z, Dai J, Chen C, Sun H. Polarization–Engineered AlGaN Last Quantum Barrier for Efficient Deep–Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes. Semiconductor Science and Technology 2020; 35(7): 075021.
  8. Hao G–D, Taniguchi M, Inoue S–I. Enhancement of Current Injection Efficiency of AlGaN–Based Deep–Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes by Controlling Strain Relaxation. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2020; 53(50): 505107.
  9. Gu W et al. BAlN for III–Nitride UV Light–Emitting Diodes: Undoped Electron Blocking Layer. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2021; 54(17): 175104.
  10. Mondal RK, Chatterjee V, Prasad S, Pal S. Suppression of Efficiency Droop in AlGaN Based Deep UV LEDs Using Double Side Graded Electron Blocking Layer. Semiconductor Science and Technology 2020; 35(5): 055031.
  11. Wang L, He W, Zheng T, Chen Z, Zheng S. Enhanced Optical Performance of AlGaN–Based Deep–Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diode with M–Shaped Hole Blocking Layer and W–Shaped Electron Blocking Layer. Superlattices and Microstructures 2019; 133: 106188.
  12. Sharif MN, Niass MI, Liou JJ, Wang F, Liu Y. p–AlInN Electron Blocking Layer for AlGaN–Based Deep–Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diode. Superlattices and Microstructures 2021; 158: 107022.
  13. Deng X, Oda S, Kawano Y. Frequency Selective, High Transmission Spiral Terahertz Plasmonic Antennas. Journal of Modeling and Simulation of Antennas and Propagation 2016; 2: 1–6.
  14. Deng X, Kawano Y. Surface Plasmon Polariton Graphene Midinfrared Photodetector with Multifrequency Resonance. Journal of Nanophotonics 2018; 12(2): 026017–026017.
  15. Wang Y et al. Deep Ultraviolet Light Source from Ultrathin GaN/AlN MQW Structures with Output Power over 2 Watt. Advanced Optical Materials 2019; 7(10): 1801763.
  16. Lu Y et al. Carrier Manipulation and Performance Enhancement of N–polar AlGaN–based LED with Grading Quantum Barriers. Acta Photonica Sinica 2019; 48(7): 723001.
  17. Xing C et al. Performance Improvement of AlGaN–Based Deep Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes with Step–Like Quantum Barriers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 2019; 56(1): 1–6.
  18. Bui HQT et al. Enhancing Efficiency of AlGaN Ultraviolet‐B Light‐Emitting Diodes with Graded p‐AlGaN Hole Injection Layer. Physica Status Solidi (A) 2021; 218(15): 2100003.
  19. Liu N, Gu H, Wei Y, Zheng S. Performance Enhancement of AlGaN–Based Deep Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes by Using Stepped and Super–Lattice N–Type Confinement Layer. Superlattices and Microstructures 2020; 141: 106492.
  20. Li L, Miyachi Y, Miyoshi M, Egawa T. Enhanced Emission Efficiency of Deep Ultraviolet Light–Emitting AlGaN Multiple Quantum Wells Grown on an N–AlGaN Underlying Layer. IEEE Photonics Journal 2016; 8(5): 1–10.
  21. Gupta H et al. Improvement in Efficiency and Luminous Power of AlGaN–Based D–UV LEDs by Using Partially Graded Quantum Barriers. Superlattices and Microstructures 2020; 142: 106543.
  22. Yu H et al. Enhanced Performance of an AlGaN–Based Deep–Ultraviolet LED Having Graded Quantum Well Structure. IEEE Photonics Journal 2019; 11(4): 1–6.
  23. Liu Y, Yang H, Wu C. Unveiling Patterns: A Study on Semi–Supervised Classification of Strip Surface Defects. IEEE Access 2023; 11: 119933–119946.
  24. Zhou L, Luo Z, Pan X. Machine Learning–Based System Reliability Analysis with Gaussian Process Regression. 2024. arXiv:2403.11125.
  25. Zhao Y, Dai W, Wang Z, Ragab AE. Application of Computer Simulation to Model Transient Vibration Responses of GPLs Reinforced Doubly Curved Concrete Panel Under Instantaneous Heating. Materials Today Communications 2024; 38: 107949.
  26. Chu C et al. On the Impact of Electron Leakage on the Efficiency Droop for AlGaN Based Deep Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes. IEEE Photonics Journal 2020; 12(3): 1–7.
  27. Sugaya T, Deng X. Resonant Frequency Tuning of Terahertz Plasmonic Structures Based on Solid Immersion Method. In Proceedings of the 2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW–THz), Paris, France, 1–6 September 2019.
  28. Coughlan C, Schulz S, Caro MA, O'Reilly EP. Band Gap Bowing and Optical Polarization Switching in Al Ga N Alloys. Physica Status Solidi (B) 2015; 252(5): 879–884.
  29. Chang J-Y, Chang H-T, Shih Y-H, Chen F–M, Huang M–F, Kuo Y–K. Efficient Carrier Confinement in Deep–Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes with Composition–Graded Configuration. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2017; 64(12): 4980–4984.
  30. Hirayama H. Recent progress in AlGaN deep–UV LEDs. In Light–Emitting Diode: An Outlook on the Empirical Features and Its Recent Technological Advancements; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2018.
  31. Choi Y-H, Ryu G-H, Ryu H-Y. Evaluation of the Temperature–Dependent Internal Quantum Efficiency and the Light–Extraction Efficiency in a GaN–Based Blue Light–Emitting Diode by Using a Rate Equation Model. Journal of the Korean Physical Society 2016; 69: 1286–1289.
  32. Wang L et al. Evaluation of Internal Quantum Efficiency of Blue Light Emitting–Diodes. Scientia Sinica Physica Mechanica & Astronomica 2015; 45(6): 067304.
  33. Piprek J. Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices: Introduction to Physics and Simulation; Academic press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2003.
  34. APSYS by Crosslight Software Inc., Burnaby, Canada. Available online: https://crosslight.com/products/apsys/(accessed 2 January 2024).
  35. Guttmann M et al. Optical Light Polarization and Light Extraction Efficiency of AlGaN–Based LEDs Emitting Between 264 and 220 nm. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 2019; 58(SC): SCCB20.
  36. He L et al. Marked Enhancement in the Efficiency of Deep Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes by Using a AlxGa1–XN Carrier Reservoir Layer. Applied Physics Express 2019; 12(6): 062013.
  37. Guo Y, Yan J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li J. Enhancing the Light Extraction of AlGaN–Based Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes in the Nanoscale. Journal of Nanophotonics 2018; 12(4): 043510–043510.
  38. Al Mustafa N et al. The Coexistence of Two–Dimensional Electron and Hole Gases in GaN–Based Heterostructures. Journal of Applied Physics 2012; 111(4): 044512.
  39. Zhang Z–H et al. Self–Screening of the Quantum Confined Stark Effect by the Polarization Induced Bulk Charges in the Quantum Barriers. Applied Physics Letters 2014; 104(24): 243501–243501-5.
  40. Ren Z et al. III–Nitride Deep UV LED Without Electron Blocking Layer. IEEE Photonics Journal 2019; 11(2): 1–11.
  41. Zhang Z–H, Zhang Y, Sun XW, Bi W. Hole Accelerator for III–Nitride Light–Emitting Diodes. In Handbook of Solid–State Lighting and LEDs; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2017.
  42. Ambacher O et al. Two–Dimensional Electron Gases Induced by Spontaneous and Piezoelectric Polarization Charges in N–and Ga–Face AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures. Journal of Applied Physics 1999; 85(6): 3222–3233.
  43. Wu J, Li P, Zhou X, Wu J, Hao Y. Increasing the Carrier Injection Efficiency of Gan–Based Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes by Double Al Composition Gradient Last Quantum Barrier and P–Type Hole Supply Layer. IEEE Photonics Journal 2021; 13(2): 1–8.
  44. Shur M, Bykhovski A, Gaska R, Yang J, Simin G, Khan M. Accumulation Hole Layer in P–GaN/AlGaN Heterostructures. Applied Physics Letters 2000; 76(21): 3061–3063.
  45. Zhang Z–H et al. p–Doping–Free InGaN/GaN Light–Emitting Diode Driven by Three–Dimensional Hole Gas. Applied Physics Letters 2013; 103(26): 263501–263501-5.
  46. Zhang Z–H et al. Increasing the Hole Energy by Grading the Alloy Composition of the P–Type Electron Blocking Layer for Very High–Performance Deep Ultraviolet Light–Emitting Diodes. Photonics Research 2019; 7(4): B1–B6.
  47. Zhang Y et al. Design of P–Type Cladding Layers for Tunnel–Injected UV–A Light Emitting Diodes. Applied Physics Letters 2016; 109(19): 191105.

Supporting Agencies

  1. Funding: Not applicable.